A
key to the abbreviations used and information on the different
anti-malarial drug regimens can be found below the main tables
Malaria
endemic countries in Africa Note: In
this map, countries with areas endemic for malaria are shaded completely
even if transmission occurs
in only part of that country. For more specific within country information,
see the guidelines below.
Dengue
Risk in Africa
Yellow
Fever Risk in Africa
Disease Risks
in North Africa and the Middle East
Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United
Arab Emirates, Yemen.
Vaccination is mandatory
and a certificate of vaccination is required for entry.
C
A certificate
of vaccination may be required if entering from an endemic
country, (except for children <1 year old).
R
Vaccination is recommended
for the country but no evidence is required for entry.
L
Long Term. Vaccination recommended
for travellers staying in endemic areas for 3 months
or more. Except Japanese B Encephalitis if longer than
1 month.
COUNTRY
MALARIA
REGIMEN
YEL
HEP
A
TYP
TET
POL
MEN
ENC
DIP
RAB
HEP
B
Algeria malaria
risk very low; employ anti-mosquito measures
4
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Angola malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Benin
Republic malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Botswana malaria
risk in the Northern half of the country from November
through to June.
1
-
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Burkina
Faso malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Burundi malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Cameroon
malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
Central
African Republic malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Chad malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Comoros malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
R
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Congo
(Zaire) malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Djibouti malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
L
-
L
L
L
Egypt
malaria risk from June - Oct in
the El Faiyum region (50 miles south of Cairo on the west
bank of the Nile) - Regimen 3. All other areas, very low risk,
avoid mosquito bites - Regimen 4.
3/4
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Equatorial Guinea malaria risk in the whole country all year
round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Eritrea malaria
risk in all areas below 2000m
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Ethiopia malaria
risk in areas below 2000m only. No risk in Addis Ababa
- avoid mosquito bites
1/4
R
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
COUNTRY
MALARIA
REGIMEN
YEL
HEP
A
TYP
TET
POL
MEN
ENC
DIP
RAB
HEP
B
Gabon malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Gambia malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Ghana malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Guinea
Bissau malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Ivory
Coast malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Kenya malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Lesotho no
malaria risk but anti-mosquito measures recommended
4
RC
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Liberia malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Libya no
malaria risk but anti-mosquito measures recommended
4
-
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Madagascar malaria risk in the whole country all year
round
1
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Malawi malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
C
R
R
R
R
L
-
L
L
L
Mali malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Mauritania
malaria
risk is present all year in the south of the country,
but only from July to October in the north.
2
R
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Mauritius malaria
risk in rural areas only - Regimen 3. Very low risk on
Rodrigues Island and tourist hotel areas, avoid mosquito
bites.
3/4
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
-
L
Morocco malaria
risk very low; employ anti-mosquito measures
4
-
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Mozambique malaria risk in the whole country all year
round
1
C
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Namibia malaria
risk is present in the northern third of the country between
November and June, and throughout the year in the Kunene
and Kavango river valleys and close to the Angolan border
- Regimen 1. The rest of the country - Regimen 4.
1/4
-
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
COUNTRY
MALARIA
REGIMEN
YEL
HEP
A
TYP
TET
POL
MEN
ENC
DIP
RAB
HEP
B
Niger malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Nigeria
malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Rwanda malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Sao Tome
& Principe malaria risk in the whole country all year
round
1
M
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Senegal malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Seychelles no malaria risk but anti-mosquito
measures recommended
4
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
-
L
Sierra
Leone malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Somalia malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
South
Africa malaria
risk in the northeast and low altitude areas of the Northern
Province, Mpumalanga and eastern KwaZulu-Natal down to
100km north of Durban, including national parks in those
areas eg. Kruger National Park.
1
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Sudan Red
Sea coast no prophylaxis required regimen 4, all other
areas regimen 1 or 2
1/4
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Swaziland malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
C
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Tanzania malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Togo malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
M
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Tunisia malaria
risk very low; employ anti-mosquito measures
4
-
R
R
R
R
-
-
L
L
L
Uganda malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
RC
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Zambia malaria
risk in the whole country all year round
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
-
L
L
L
Zimbabwe malaria risk in areas below 1200m
between November and June.
All year round in the Zambezi Valley - Regimen 1. Very
low risk in Harare and Bulawayo - Regimen 4.
1/4
C
R
R
R
R
L
-
L
L
L
YEL
Yellow Fever
HEP
A
Hepatitis A
TYP
Typhoid
TET
Tetanus
POL
Polio
MEN
Meningitis
ENC
Jap. B Encephalitis
DIP
Diphtheria
RAB
Rabies
HEP
B
Hepatitis B
M
Vaccination is mandatory
and a certificate of vaccination is required for
entry.
C
A certificate
of vaccination may be required if entering from
an endemic country, (except for children <1 year
old).
R
Vaccination is recommended
for the country but no evidence is required for
entry.
L
Long Term. Vaccination
recommended for travellers staying in endemic
areas for 3 months or more. Except Japanese B
Encephalitis if longer than 1 month.
The information supplied
is derived from a number of reliable sources and is
compared and compiled into the alphabetical lists found
on this web site.
Countries requiring malaria prophylaxis should be
regarded as being at risk all year round and
you should also assume that the whole country
is at risk unless otherwise indicated. Themalaria
regimen is therecommended regimen for a country.
Use of the incorrect regimen may not provide adequate
cover.
When there are two different regimens
for the same country, they are area specific. Read the
text to find out which regimen is suitable for the area
you require.
Where regimen 1 is indicated there is Chloroquine
resistance in that region and it is very likely to be
the Falciparum malaria which is the most serious form
of the disease. In this instance it is vitally important
that travellers take adequate prophylaxis.
Remember:- No prophylaxis is 100% effective but
not taking anti-malarials where they are indicated will
put you at greater risk should you get the disease.
Remember - Malaria is a killer!
The Different Drug Regimens
Regimen
1
Mefloquine one 250mg tabletweekly. OR
Doxycycline one 100mg capsule daily. OR
Malarone one tablet daily.
No
prophylactic tablets required but anti mosquito measures
should be strictly observed: Avoid
mosquito bites by covering up with clothing such as long
sleeves and long trousers especially after sunset, using
insect repellents on exposed skin and, when necessary,
sleeping under a mosquito net.
.
Proguanil
100mg tablets are
supplied as Paludrine Tablets
Chloroquine
150mg tablets are
supplied as Nivaquine or Avloclor Tablets
Mefloquine
250mg tablets are
supplied as Lariam Tablets
Malarone
is a
combination of Atovaquone 250mg and Proguanil
100mg
Length of Prophylaxis
Chloroquine, Proguanil & Maloprim
Start
one week before travel, throughout your stay in
an endemic area and continue for four weeks after
return.
Mefloquine (Lariam)
Start
two and a half weeks before travel, throughout
your stay in an endemic area and continue for four
weeks after return.
Doxycycline
Start two days before travel, throughout
your stay in an endemic area and continue for four
weeks after return.
Malarone
Start
two days before travel, throughout your stay in
an endemic area and continue for one week after
return.
IMPORTANT!
Take the
tablets absolutely regularly, preferably with or after
a meal.
Long Term
Use of Anti-Malaria Drugs
Chloroquine
May be
taken for periods exceeding five years.
Paludrine
May be
taken for periods exceeding five years.
Maloprim
Can be
taken for periods up to one year.
Mefloquine
Can be
taken for periods up to one year.
Doxycycline
Can be
taken for periods up to six months.
Malarone
Can be
used for travel periods up to one year.
Compatibility of Anti-Malaria Drugs
Pregnancy
Breast
Feeding
Epilepsy
Psoriasis
Altitude
Scuba
Diving
Chloroquine
OK
OK
NO
NO
OK
OK
Paludrine
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Mefloquine
OK*
NO
NO
OK
NO
NO
Doxycycline
NO
NO
OK
OK
OK
OK
Malarone
NO
NO
OK
OK
OK
OK
*
These drugs are not suitable during the first trimester
of pregnancy.
Childrens' Dosages: Calculate
the dose by weight rather than by age if possible
Age/Weight
Chloroquine
(once weekly)
Proguanil
(once daily)
Mefloquine
(once weekly)
Doxycycline
(once daily)
Malarone
(once daily)
0
- 12 weeks
under 6kg
1/4
tablet
1/4
tablet
-
-
-
3
- 12 months
6 - 10kg
1/2
tablet
1/2
tablet
1/4
tablet
-
-
1
- 3 years
10 - 16kg
3/4
tablet
3/4
tablet
1/4
tablet
-
1
child's
tablet
4
- 7 years
16 - 25kg
1
tablet
1
tablet
1/2
tablet
-
1
child's
tablet
8
- 12 years
25 - 45 Kg
11/2
tablets
11/2
tablets
3/4
tablet
-
2
child's
tablets
13
years and over
45kg and over
2
tablets
2
tablets
1
tablet
1
capsule
1
adult
tablet
The
above dosages are based upon the guidelines issued by
the Advisory Committee on Malaria Prevention.
Adult
Dosages
Regimen
Dose
for
Chemoprophylaxis
Usual
amount
per tablet (mg)
Areas
without drug resistance:
Chloroquine
Proguanil
2
tablets weekly
2
tablets daily
150mg
(base)
100mg
Areas
of little chloroquine resistance (poorly effective where
marked resistance):
